Daily Plans and Classroom Notes, Worksheets and Resources
Tuesday Jan 28: Make a model of DNA (worksheet) model of DNA in spanish Homework: Fill out Student Information Sheet Wednesday Jan 29: Building a molecule of DNA Homework: Finish Making a model of DNA (use information from the paragraph on the front to help you). Thursday and Friday Jan 30th and 31st: The structure of DNA .pdf of powerpoint notes The structure of DNA Notes worksheet The structure of DNA Notes filled in (spanish) Link to Replication Video Homework: Finish myMCPS open notes quiz Monday Feb 3: Protein Synthesis Notes Worksheet Protein Synthesis Notes .pdf Protein Synthesis notes filled in (spanish) Transcription and Translation Practice Animation/Video of Protein Synthesis Tuesday Feb 4: Alien Encounters (protein synthesis practice) Wednesday Feb 5: Answer Key to Leveled Practice Problems Transcription Translation Practice Online Replication, Transcription, Translation Leveled Practice (Quiz Study Guide) Homework: Quiz tomorrow (25 pts) Picture of word wall Thursday Feb 6: Quiz on DNA, RNA, Replication and Protein Synthesis Friday Feb 7th: Notes on DNA and Cancer (read and answer questions) Due Monday Monday Feb 10: Cell Cycle and Mitosis Notes worksheet (.pdf) Mitosis and Cell Cycle Amoeba Sisters Video myMCPS quiz on DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Traits Homework: CK-12: Cell Cycle Reading Mitosis Animation .pdf of notes Tuesday Feb 11th: Practice Identifying Stages of Mitosis worksheet- Mitosis Lab: Onion Roots .pdf of flipchart more online pics of onion cells Wednesday Feb 12: Mrs. McGaffin's Class data pd 1 data pd 3 data pd 4 data pd 5 data pd 6 data Graph Set up myMCPS Quiz on Cell Cycle Upcoming: Quiz on Cell Cycle and Cancer Genes on Feb 19th Thursday Feb 13: Cell Cycle Game website Cell Cycle Game worksheet Friday Feb 14th: Cancer Genes Article: Learning from Patients Homework: Review for Quiz Tuesday Feb 18: Finish reading article and make poster about cancer genes Wed Feb 19th: Quiz on Cell cycle and Cancer .pdf of flipchart Thursday/Friday Feb 20/21: Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression Lab Worksheets for Lab .pdf of flipchart Monday Feb 24: Paper Microarray Lab Worksheet for background information in spanish Worksheet for Microarray paper lab in spanish .pdf of flipchart video for background info worksheet Tuesday Feb 25: Microarray Lab .pdf of flipchart Wed Feb 26: Finish Lab Papers .pdf of flipchart if you need help Thurs Feb 27th: 30 pt Lab Evaluation (Due date/deadline for all labs to be done) Friday Feb 28th (1/2 day)- Pass out papers- Quiz corrections Monday March 2nd: Mitosis vs. Meiosis vs. Fertilization .pdf of notes Tuesday March 3rd: Meiosis Paper Lab "What's Buggin You?" Wed March 4th: Review of Meiosis Meiosis myMCPS quiz .pdf of flipchart Thursday March 5th: Mutations Mutations worksheet Mutations .pdf (from 2019...probably pretty similar) Mutations Interactive Website Friday March 6th: Work on Study Guide in Class for Test Monday March 9th: Kahoot Test Review Answers to Study Guide Mrs. Jennings Quia Review -Kahoot Test Review for Cell Cycle and Gene Expression Test (Teacher Version) Link for Students to Play Kahoot by themselves (may need to do this on a computer instead of phone) -Link for Students to Play Kahoot for DNA, Protein Synthesis and Meiosis Test Review (Teacher Mode) Link for Students to Play Kahoot by themselves...do this on a computer (Preview mode) Tuesday March 10th: Unit Test on everything from this unit!!! Wednesday/Thursday March 11 and 12th: Cancer Project project signup on myMCPS- open assignment and make a copy of the link. Click Submit on myMCPS and then get a sharable link and paste it into myMCPS and hit submit. Worldwide Cancer Stats USA Cancer Statistics and Stats by Ethnicity Sites to give Causes for Cancer What Causes Cancer American Cancer Society Research National Cancer Institute |
Additional Resources:
CK-12: Mitosis Reading Cell Cycle Mitosis and Meiosis CK-12 Flexbook Vocab: Gene: Section of DNA that codes for a trait DNA: Genetic code for making protein Chromosome: Coiled up DNA (coils up in mitosis) Trait: Visible expression of genetic information. Caused by creation of protein in the cells. DNA Structure: DNA is double stranded and is made up of nucleotides. A nucleotide is composed of a sugar (deoxyribose for DNA), phosphate and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G for DNA) The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. The base pairs in DNA are A-T and C-G DNA is found in the nucleus. Genes are found on DNA DNA: ATCGGATC TAGCCTAG When DNA copies itself (DNA replication- during S phase of the cell cycle), the two strands separate using helicase (enzyme) and DNA Polymerase (enzyme) adds on the complementary base. RNA Structure: RNA is single stranded. It is much smaller than DNA and is made in the nucleus and leaves to go to the ribosome. RNA is made of nucleotides (Ribose sugar, phosphate and bases A-U, C-G). RNA is made by Transcription. DNA is unwound and RNA Polymerase adds RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the DNA strand. The RNA falls off and the DNA winds back up. DNA: A T C G A T A RNA: U A G C U A U There are 3 types of RNA- mRNA- carries the message from the DNA to the ribosome tTRA- transfers amino acids to the ribosome rRNA- makes up the ribosome Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation Transcription: Takes place in the nucleus. DNA is unwound and mRNA is made by RNA polymerase (enzyme). DNA: T A C G A G T T A A T C mRNA: A U G C U C A A U U A G AA sequence: Met- Leu- Asn- Stop Translation take place at the ribosome. The mRNA is read by the ribosome 3 bases at a time (codon). A tRNA that has the complementary sequence (anticodon) to match the mRNA brings an amino acid. The ribosome links the amino acids together forming a polypeptide chain. To figure out the Amino Acid sequence read the mRNA code 3 letters at a time. Look at the codon chart and determine the amino acid. Cell Cycle Notes Interphase: Stage of the cell cycle where the cell is growing, doing it's normal cell functions, replicating it's organelles and DNA, and going through checkpoints to make sure that it is ready for cell division. A cell spends most of its life cycle in interphase. The 3 stages of interphase are G1, S, and G2. G1: Stage during interphase where the cell grows and carries out its normal cell functions. S: Stage during interphase where DNA replication takes place. The number of chromosomes double in the cell. G2: Stage during interphase where the cell continues to grow and gets ready to divide. Mitosis: Stage after interphase where the chromosomes divide. It has 4 stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. Prophase: DNA coils into chromosomes, the spindle fibers form and the nucleus disappears. Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Anaphase: The sister chromatids are pulled apart Telophase: The nuclear membrane begins to form around both sets of chromsomes. Cytokenesis: Happens during telophase and slightly after. The cytoplasm of the cell begins to split into two. Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis is used for growth and repair of tissues. Cancer Gene Vocab: What is Cancer? Cancer is a malignant tumor that spreads throughout the body. Cancer is caused when multiple genes that regulate the cell cycle stop working. Oncogenes: Stimulates cell growth. When there is a mutation in oncogenes it causes the cells to want to replicate out of control. Example: Ras gene Tumor Suppressor Genes: Inhibits cell growth. Prevents cells with mutations from dividing. Helps maintain the 1:1 Ratio by causing cells to undergo apoptosis. When there is a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene the cells with mutations will continue to dive. Almost all cancers have mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Example: p53 and APC DNA Proofreading or DNA Polymerase: Repairs mistakes when DNA is being copied Where there is a mutation in DNA polymerase the mistakes are not fixed are passed on to the next cell. Ex: DNA Polymerase A tumor is formed when all 3 types of genes have mutations. Cyclin and CDK: Cyclin is a protein that is formed during the cell cycle. When it binds with CDK (an enzyme) it acts as a checkpoint to make sure the cell is ready to go to the next phase in the cell cycle. Hints for studying and for the gene expression lab conclusion: -Human Body Cells have 46 chromosomes which contain all of the DNA needed for the whole person. (Except sperm/egg) -Skin cells contain the same DNA as brain cells, muscle cells, and liver cells -What makes a type of cell different is which genes (part of DNA that codes for a protein) are expressed. -When a gene is expressed a copy of mRNA is made from the DNA -If it is an important gene (or needed for a specific period of time) then multiple copies of mRNA can be made from the same section of DNA Gene Expression: Genes turned on in ALL CELLS: DNA Proofreading- fixes mistakes on DNA Ribosome protein- makes ribosomes Cytochrome C-energy Genes that are found in ALL cells but only turned on in some cells Lactase- digests sugars- turned on in intestinal lining cells Actin- causes cells to contract...turned on in muscle cells Hemoglobin- causes oxygen to attach- turned on in red blood cells Insulin- regulates blood sugar level- turned on in Pancreas Microarray: -A microarray is a test done by researchers to see which genes make the most copies of mRNA in a particular type of cell -In the paper lab we tested 6 genes: P53- tumor suppressor APC- tumor suppressor Ras- Oncogene (Stimulates Mitosis) Cytochrome C- Used for Energy ST3GAL5- Lipids for regular cell development BDNF: helps to make nerve cells grow Genes that are expressed by a cell will cause the microarray to turn a color Blue: Expressed only by Normal Cells Red: Expressed only by Cancer Cells Purple: Expressed by both Normal and Cancer Cells Clear: Not expressed by any cells Researchers will look to see what is being turned on/off in normal cells to see if that is different than in cancer cells. When you see a difference it causes the researcher to look more closely to see if that difference is the cause of the cancer. ***The purpose of the red, blue, purple and clear positive control was to define what those colors look like. You compare those colors to the colors that the genes turned and then you can tell what is red vs. purple or blue. Vocab for Mitosis/Meiosis/Fertilization Mitosis: Makes 2 identical diploid daughter cells. Done in body cells. Used for growth of organism and to repair worn out cells. Meiosis: Makes 4 unique haploid gametes. Done in gonads (testis and ovaries) and makes sperm and eggs. Includes crossing over and independent assortment which increase genetic variation Fertilization: When a haploid gamete (sperm) joins a haploid gamete (egg) to create a diploid zygote. Random fertilization increases genetic variation. Sister Chromatid: 2 sides of one chromosome (each side of an X). Made by DNA replication Homologous Chromosomes: 2 different chromosomes that are the same size and have the same information on them. One came from dad and one from mom. Haploid: Cells that have only 1 set of each chromosome Diploid: Cells that have 2 sets of each chromosome (homologous pairs) Gamete: Cells used for reproduction (sperm/egg) Zygote: Fertilized egg Crossing Over: When homologous chromosomes wrap around each other during PROPHASE 1 of MEIOSIS and swap pieces of DNA. Independent Assortment: The random way that the homologous chromosomes line up in METAPHASE 1 of MEIOSIS. Leads to increased genetic variation. Mutations- Random change in DNA. Can lead to an altered protein. Altered proteins do not function properly or at all...so a mutation can lead to the cell not being able to perform its functions. Kahoot Test Review for Cell Cycle and Gene Expression Test (Teacher Version) Link for Students to Play Kahoot by themselves (may need to do this on a computer instead of phone) Video on Details of Transcription vs. Translation Link for Students to Play Kahoot for DNA, Protein Synthesis and Meiosis Test Review (Teacher Mode) Link for Students to Play Kahoot by themselves...do this on a computer (Preview mode) NPR Fresh Air: New Gene-Editing Techniques Hold the Promise Of Altering The Fundamentals Of Life (Jan 12, 2017) Kahoot Test Review for Cell Cycle and Gene Expression Test (Teacher Version) Link for Students to Play Kahoot by themselves (may need to do this on a computer instead of phone) Video on Details of Transcription vs. Translation Link for Students to Play Kahoot for DNA, Protein Synthesis and Meiosis Test Review (Teacher Mode) Link for Students to Play Kahoot by themselves...do this on a computer (Preview mode) NPR Fresh Air: New Gene-Editing Techniques Hold the Promise Of Altering The Fundamentals Of Life (Jan 12, 2017) Kahoot! Kahoot! CK-12: Cell Cycle Reading CK-12: Mitosis Reading Mitosis Animation Mitosis and Cell Cycle Amoeba Sisters Video |